Rail2X - SmartServices (Projektabschlussbericht)

V2X (Vehicle2Everything) ist ein WLAN-ähnlicher Standard, der im Automobilbereich für den Informationsaustausch zwischen Fahrzeugen und / oder Infrastruktur genutzt wird. Beispiels-weise findet dieser Nachrichtenstandard im Straßenverkehr Anwendung, um den Autofahrer rechtzeitig vor kritischen Situationen zu warnen und so zu unterstützen. V2X-Komponenten befinden sich daher seit mehreren Jahren in der Entwicklung und Erpro-bung. Jedoch ist dieser Kommunikationsstandard nicht ausschließlich auf den Automobilbe-reich begrenzt, sondern verkehrsträgerunabhängig ausgelegt. Über das Projekt Rail2X-Smart Services wurde die Nutzung der V2X-Kommunikation für den Eisenbahnsektor evaluiert. Ziel des Projektkonsortiums war die Erforschung und Erweiterung von V2X als Rail2X in den Bahnbereich, um den Komfort sowie die Effektivität und Wirtschaftlichkeit des Bahnbetriebs im Regionalverkehr zu steigern. Grundsätzlich wurde ein Verkehrsträger und Verkehrsmittel übergreifender Informationsaustausch ermöglicht. Sowohl die Nutzung einheitlicher Standards als auch die Verknüpfung mit einem zentralen Datenmanagementsystem, das Daten bearbeitet und mit anderen Datenquellen wie der mCLOUD korreliert, spielten dabei eine zentrale Rolle. Für die Erprobung und Evaluierung wurden drei relevanten Anwendungsfällen im Bahnbereich definiert und ausgestaltet die durch die V2X-Anwendung einen wirtschaftlichen Betrieb ermöglichen. Mittels dieser Anwendungsfälle konnte gezeigt werden, dass einerseits die Nutzung des V2X-Standards möglich und andererseits die Anwendung von kostengünstigen Standardkomponenten aus dem Automobilbereich auch im Bahnbereich zielführend ist

Value of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring to reduce neurological complications in patients undergoing anterior cervical spine procedures for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

The primary aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of reports of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and to assess the value of intraoperative monitoring (IOM), including somatosensory evoked potentials, transcranial motor evoked potentials and electromyography, in anterior cervical procedures. A search was conducted to collect a small database of relevant papers using key words describing disorders and procedures of interest. The database was then shortlisted using selection criteria and data was extracted to identify complications as a result of anterior cervical procedures for cervical spondylotic myelopathy and outcome analysis on a continuous scale. In the 22 studies that matched the screening criteria, only two involved the use of IOM. The average sample size was 173 patients. In procedures done without IOM a mean change in Japanese Orthopaedic Association score of 3.94 points and Nurick score by 1.20 points (both less severe post-operatively) was observed. Within our sub-group analysis, worsening myelopathy and/or quadriplegia was seen in 2.71% of patients for studies without IOM and 0.91% of patients for studies with IOM. Variations persist in the existing literature in the evaluation of complications associated with anterior cervical spinal procedures. Based on the review of published studies, sufficient evidence does not exist to make recommendations regarding the use of different IOM modalities to reduce neurological complications during anterior cervical procedures. However, future studies with objective measures of neurological deficits using a specific IOM modality may establish it as an effective and reliable indicator of injury during such surgeries

Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma

The American Thyroid Association appointed a Task Force of experts to revise the original Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Management Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association

High time for conservation: adding the environment to the debate on marijuana liberalization

The liberalization of marijuana policies, including the legalization of medical and recreational marijuana, is sweeping the United States and other countries. Marijuana cultivation can have significant negative collateral effects on the environment that are often unknown or overlooked. Focusing on the state of California, where by some estimates 60%–70% of the marijuana consumed in the United States is grown, we argue that (a) the environmental harm caused by marijuana cultivation merits a direct policy response, (b) current approaches to governing the environmental effects are inadequate, and (c) neglecting discussion of the environmental impacts of cultivation when shaping future marijuana use and possession policies represents a missed opportunity to reduce, regulate, and mitigate environmental harm.Published versio

Потребительский экстремизм как правовое явление

Материалы XIII Междунар. науч. конф. студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов и молодых ученых, Гомель, 21–22 мая 2020 г

Management of adrenal incidentalomas - a European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors

Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap

The Treatment of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Background: Recent decades have seen a rise in the incidence of well-differentiated (mainly papillary) thyroid carcinoma around the world. In Germany, the age-adjusted incidence of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma in 2010 was 3.5 per 100 000 men and 8.7 per 100 000 women per year. Method: This review is based on randomized, controlled trials and multicenter trials on the treatment of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma that were retrieved by a selective literature search, as well as on three updated guidelines issued in the past two years. Results: The recommended extent of surgical resection depends on whether the tumor is classified as low-risk or high-risk, so that papillary microcar cinomas, which carry a highly favorable prognosis, will not be overtreated. More than 90% of localized, well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas can be cured with a combination of surgery and radioactive iodine therapy. Radio active iodine therapy is also effective in the treatment of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas with distant metastases, yielding a 10-year survival rate of 90%, as long as there is good iodine uptake and the tumor goes into remission after treatment; otherwise, the 10-year survival rate is only 10%. In the past two years, better treatment options have become available for radioactive-iodine-resistant thyroid carcinoma. Phase 3 studies of two different tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown that either one can markedly prolong progression-free survival, but not overall survival. Their more common clinically significant side effects are hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, diarrhea, proteinuria, and weight loss. Conclusion: Slow tumor growth, good resectability, and susceptibility to radioactive iodine therapy lend a favorable prognosis to most cases of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The treatment should be risk-adjusted and interdisciplinary, in accordance with the current treatment guidelines. Even metastatic thyroid carcinoma has a favorable prognosis as long as there is good iodine uptake. The newly available medical treatment options for radioactive-iodine-resistant disease need to be further studied

Using a rolling stock with a mid-range wireless technology to collect service and diagnose data in areas without mobile signal coverage

The use of the IEEE 802.11p technology - also known as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication - for railway applications is currently topic of the national project Rail2X - Smart Services in Germany. This short-range to mid-range peer to peer wireless technology can be used in remote areas to collect data for service and diagnosis applications. It could be an interesting use case that contributes to the reduction of cost and improving data quality. A further relevant extension of this work is the interaction between automotive and railway components using the above referenced technology. Collecting service and diagnose data from infrastructure elements in the field is an important feature to be able to identify and predict possible malfunction from elements in the field remotely. Today there are two main ways of collecting data, firstly over a physical connection such as telephone or Ethernet or secondly over a mobile connection such as LTE or UMTS. Nowadays, even in countries such as Germany, there are regions were no or a very poor mobile signal is available. In such cases, the use of a mid-range wireless technology such as V2X could be an alternative to collect this kind of data. Using this technology in a railway environment was done already in some prototypes and now the Rail2X consortium is working on prototypes and field tests for further evaluation. The approach for the used case Service and Diagnosis is in the focus of this contribution